Vernaccia Nera is a red grape variety grown in the Marche region, particularly in the area of Serrapetrona, in the province of Macerata, where it remains a true rarity from both an ampelographic and oenological perspective. As of 2012, the total cultivated area of this variety amounts to approximately 45 hectares. The term “Vernaccia” is thought to derive either from the Latin “ver” (spring) or “vitis vernacula” (local vine), as referenced by Columella in De Re Rustica. Alternatively, some believe the term has a more recent origin, linking it to the French variety Grenache or its Catalan synonym Garnacha, given the clear similarities between this variety and Vernaccia Nera grown in the Marche.

Historical Significance and Genetic Relations

The historical presence of Vernaccia Nera in the Marche is documented by Di Rovasenda (1877), who listed it as one of the region’s finest grapes. Genetically, it is now confirmed that Vernaccia Nera, Cannonau from Sardinia, and Tocai Rosso from the Vicenza area share a common origin, though these three varieties are still classified separately in the Registro Nazionale Varietà di Vite.

Winemaking Applications

Vernaccia Nera is primarily used in the production of Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG, a red sparkling wine notable for its unique process: approximately 40% of the grapes are air-dried, and after blending with wine made from fresh grapes, the wine undergoes a secondary sparkling fermentation.

The variety is also found in other local DOC wines, such as Serrapetrona DOC and Terreni di San Severino Rosso DOC, either as a single variety or in blends. In Colli Maceratesi DOC Rosso, it is used in smaller proportions, adding its characteristic traits to the wine.

Characteristics of Vernaccia Nera Wines

This rare grape contributes to the production of distinctive wines with complex aromas, robust structure, and vibrant acidity. The sparkling wines made from it, like Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG, offer a unique experience, blending the richness of appassimento techniques with the elegance of effervescence.